Apache

常见httpd.conf的配置

增加某个目录可以访问

<Directory "/var/www/html">
Options FollowSymLinks ＃该目录下允许文件系统使用符号连接。
Options Indexes #允许列出目录中的所有内容
AllowOverride  AuthConfig ＃允许存在于.htaccess文件中的指令类型
Order allow,deny ＃Order：控制在访问时Allow和Deny两个访问规则哪个优先
Allow from all ＃A允许访问的主机列表(可用域名或子网，例如：Allow from 192.168.0.0/16)。
＃Deny：拒绝访问的主机列表。
</Directory>

• AllowOverride 的选项

None: 当AllowOverride被设置为None时。不搜索该目录下的.htaccess文件（可以减小服务器开销）。

All: 在.htaccess文件中可以使用所有的指令。

• .htaccess是默认的AccessFileNam （文件名是可以改变的，其文件名由AccessFileName指令决定)：内容如下

authname "password required" #要求输入密码的对话框上的显示，可以任意
authtype basic
authuserfile /var/www/html/wiki/.htpasswd ＃这个指向存储密码的文件（其实最好不要在同一目录下）
require valid-user

• .httpasswd 可以用htpasswd -b -c filepath username password 生成

允许Userdir下的public_html模式

1. 修改配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf （在fc21中这个配置在 /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf 文件当中）

<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
  UserDir enabled ;这个很重要
  UserDir public_html
</IfModule>

2. Apply the proper permissions:

# chmod 711 ~<username>
# chmod 755 -R ~<username>/public_html/

3.Run the following commands so SELinux wouldn’t bother you:

#setsebool -P httpd_enable_homedirs true
#restorecon -R -v ~/public_html

（这一步骤的原因如下）

Selinux的配置

The default file context specification for ~/public_html is:

 matchpathcon /home/dgrift/public_html
/home/dgrift/public_html staff_u:object_r:httpd_user_content_t:s0

Apache can read that. No need to use type: httpd_sys_content_t.

There is one consideration: In a Gnome environment a program called restorecond is running in the gnome session. This program monitors objects in your $HOME and restores file contexts to the contexts specified if required.

So if you create directory ~public_html and do ls -alZ ~/public_html it should have type httpd_user_content_t. (the directory is created with type user_home_t (the generic type for user home content), but restorecond -u immediately notices a directory with a context that does not match directory/context defined, and restores it to defined file context (httpd_user_content_t)

If you run in a text only environment, then there is no restorecond -u to watch, and so you or your users should run the restorecon command on ~/public_html. That will reset the context of the location to what is specified system wide.

restorecon -R -v ~/public_html

Using httpd_sys_content_t might in some cases work but it is a wrong type to use because (confined) users do not have permission to interact with that type. You will not notice this in default configurations because users are unconfined (unrestricted).

备用命令

• 设置某目录http可访问 （在上面设置不起作用的情况下，临时起作用，重启后失效）

chcon -R -t httpd_sys_content_t your_directory