Multi-wavelength

• 黑体谱

• cooling rate

高能

• Swift/BAT (burst alert telescope) AGN

313 AGN

• XBOOTES Chandra

紫外

• GALEX

• SWIFT UVOT

30 cm telescope with a 17× 17 square arcminute field of view that provides ultraviolet and optical coverage (1600–8000A)

红外

• WISE
• IRAS

30cm口径，all sky survey at 12, 25, 60 and 100 µm.

• AKARI
• Spitzer

Herschel

• Herschel reference survey (HRS)

323 K-band(Ks<12) selected galaxies from 100 to 500 mu, volume limited (between 15 and 25 Mpc)

• 星系的气（HI+H2）尘比对环境的依赖性很弱（从isolated 到 virgo cluster）,团星系同样的气体，尘埃略多[1]

• Herscchel Stripe 82 survey

79 deg^2 with SPIRE at 250,350,500 mu

• KINGFISH

射电

• HI巡天