尘埃
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- 消光曲线
- 发射线的消光可能和连续谱的消光不同
- Halpha/Hbeta 线比
- 内禀数值:2.86(恒星形成),3.1(AGN) 参见Osterbrock & Ferland 2006
- 尘埃的红外发射: dustEM
- 尘埃与气体有关,气体的光深可以从low-ionization interstellar (IS) absorption lines(e.g., Si II, O I, Fe II)获得 (Shapley et al. 2003)
- e.g. If the two Si II transitions at 1260 and 1527A are optically thin, then the ratio of their equivalent widths will be W1260/W1527 > 6. The observed ratio is W1260/W1527 ~ 1, implying that the lines are saturated and hence their depths are sensitive to the covering fraction of Si II-enriched material.
- 对于比912A更短的波长来说,气体的吸收消光是最主要的而不是dust,但是气体和尘埃是相关的,参见[1]
- 盘星系的尘埃分布,Herschel的结果
- 可以延展到2R25,[2]:
- 密度轮廓比较follow恒星,而不是恒星形成(气体?)
- 有温度梯度,从中心25K到边缘15K
- 盘上的尘埃可以解释类星体的受到的intergalactic的红化现象?
- 模型THEMIS The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids) [3]